John Stegeman

Jan Vervecken started a recent thread on the OTN JDeveloper Forum entitled, “The forgotten Java IDE?” It’s quickly garnered a lot of replies (57 at the current count!). It’s lead me to do some thinking and some researching around the Web.

To paraphrase both Blondie aka “the man with no name” (Clint Eastwood) and Tuco (Eli Wallach) as they were wont to say in my all-time favorite movie, “There are two types of people in the world my friend, those who like JDeveloper, and those who pooh-pooh it.” Well, the world is more complex than that, but it seems to be the case that a given person either loves JDeveloper, or thinks it’s completely useless and irrelevant. Can both types of people be talking about the same thing?

In my experience on the OTN forums, at Java One, and from reading blogs and other Internet posts, I’ve been able to create some stereotypes of the two types of people, and gain some insight into the “why” of the stereotypes.

People who like JDeveloper tend to:

• Already be Oracle customers
• Have experience with 4GL languages, especially Oracle Forms
• Use Oracle’s Application Development Framework (ADF)
• Like the integrated SOA development tools in JDeveloper

People who pooh-pooh JDeveloper tend to:

• Think of themselves as “hard-core” java programmers or “java gurus”
• Dislike anything “proprietary,” and thus tend to discount ADF
• Really like open source, “free” things (although, as a sidebar, my friend always used to say, “if it’s free, I can’t afford it”)

People who have traditionally used Oracle’s (quite good) 4GL tools like Oracle Forms tend to be able to jump right in to ADF, with some training of course, and work in JDeveloper in a familiar paradigm. For them, learning Java/J2EE in the context of doing a JDeveloper/ADF project, tends to be, “teach me the syntax” and, “learn the ADF framework.” All of the J2EE complexity is hidden under the covers of the ADF framework for these folks.

The hard-core java guys, on the other hand, want to fiddle with every bit and byte. Now, in my opinion, JDeveloper can do this just as well, if not better, than the other IDE’s out there (Eclipse, Netbeans, IntelliJ, etc); however, most of these folks already have an established IDE preference, and changing IDE’s is something that requires a conscious effort and reason to change. Thus, even though I really like JDeveloper, and think it’s a world-class IDE, and would like more people to use it (selfish reasons, I guess – I want to ensure that Oracle will always be putting lots of effort into new releases), I would say to this group of people, “keep using whatever you are using.” If you want a nice productive database development environment, or a nice BPEL development environment, come on over and take a look. Heck, I’d be willing to bet that most of the hard-core guys, if they would be willing to take an honest look at ADF, would find that there are some good things there for them.

As to which type of person am I… I’ve got some characteristics of both. I’ve done some Oracle Forms (mostly Forms 2.3 and Forms 3.0!) programming in my life. I actually got my start doing more hard-core C/C++ programming and did “hard-core” java before I got into ADF; so I guess I don’t fit the stereotypes I’ve laid out here.

…..

This is the second in a two-part series showing how to conditionally show/hide fields based upon the value of another field. In case you haven’t read the first part, start here.

As we left before the commercial break, we had just set up the navigation links between our emplist and empedit pages. Let’s first fix up the “Edit” and “New Employee” buttons on the emplist page so that clicking them will take us to the edit page. To do this is really quite simple. For the edit button, select the button using either the visual editor or the structure window; then, use the property inspector to set the Action property to “edit,” which is the navigation case you created. There’s even a drop-down list in the property inspector – JDeveloper knows about the navigation cases, and thus can give you a drop-down list. Now, just do the same thing for the “New Employee” button; in this case, at run-time, the action listener (which creates the new employee record) will fire first, and then the action property causes the navigation case “edit” to fire, taking you to the empedit page.

Now, let’s create the skeleton of the empedit page. First, ensure empedit.jspx is shown in the visual editor. Then, in the data control palette, drag MyEmpView1 to the empedit.jspx page and drop it. In the pop-up menu, select “Forms” and then “ADF Form” from the sub-menu. Ensure the “Include Submit Button” checkbox is selected and click “OK.”

Let’s next add a commit button to the page so that the changes can be saved to the database. In the data control palette, expand the AppModuleDataControl and then expand the “operations” folder from the data control – be sure it’s the AppModuleDataControl’s operations folder, and not the MyEmpView1’s. If you have the correct one, you’ll see Commit and Rollback operations. Drag the commit operation and drop it on to the empedit.jspx page next to the submit button. In the pop-up menu, choose “ADF Command Button.” Finally, select the “Commit” button and use the property inspector to set the Action property to “returntolist.” This will make clicking the commit button take us back to the list page as well as committing the data to the database.

Now, we’ve got a basic working application. Let’s test it; right-click the emplist.jspx page in the applications navigator and choose “run.” You should see an (empty) list of employees. Click the “New Employee” button, fill in some values, and click commit. You can also test editing an employee you create (use the “submit” button to submit changes and make ADF enable the commit button). For now, create at least two employees, one with emptype of “H” and one with emptype of “S.” Here’s what my emplist.jspx looks like after I did that:

There’s a lot more we should to to make this a real application (adding a “Cancel” button, for example), but I’ll leave that to you. What we really want to show now is how to make the Salary field hidden (and set to null in the database) when the employee type is “hourly” and make the Hourly Rate field hidden (and set to null in the database) when the employee type is “salaried.” There are a number of ADF Faces controls we could use to implement this (they all start with “ShowOne”), but for this example, let’s use a ShowOneRadio.

In the Component Palette, ensure the ADF Faces Core components are showing and locate the ShowOneRadio. Drag it to the empedit page and drop it between the Emptype and Salary fields (it’s easiest if you use the Structure window). Use the property editor to change the label to “Employee Type.” You should now have something that looks like this:

The “ShowOne” components work by having “ShowDetail” components as their children. So, locate the ShowDetail component in the Component Palette and drag one to the af:showOneRadio you just created; again, it’s easiest if you use the Structure window to ensure you are dropping it on the right component. Use the property inspector to change the Text property to “Hourly.” Then, repeat the same process to create another ShowDetail component with its text set to “Salaried.” When you are done, the Structure should look something like this:

The next step is to put the Salary and HourlyRate fields into the appropriate ShowDetail component. To do this, just use the structure window to drag the Salary’s af:inputText component to the “Salaried” showDetailItem and the Hourly Rate’s af:inputText component to the “Hourly” showDetailItem. Your structure now should look like this:

If you run the application now, you’ll see that clicking the Hourly or Salaried radio buttons automatically hide/show the appropriate fields; however, the value of the EMPTYPE field doesn’t have anything to do with the radio buttons at this point. We’ll need to write some code to make that part work.

The code that you will write needs to be in a java class known as a “managed bean.” We’ll let JDeveloper create the managed bean for us. If you click one of the af:showDetailItem components and look in the Property Inspector, you’ll see a property called the “Disclosure Listener.” This is where we will write our Java code (for you experts out there, yes, the af:showOneRadio has an attribute change listener that is a better place for the code, but for some reason, it does not fire correctly in JDev 10.1.3.1). To create the managed bean, select the Hourly showDetailItem in the Structure window and then click in the blank field next to “DisclosureListener” in the Property Inspector. You should see a button appear with an elipsis (…) in the label – click this button. You’ll get a dialog that looks like this:

Click the “New…” button to create a new managed bean. Use “empedit_bean” for both the name and class and leave the scope set at request:

After clicking “OK”, click the “New…” button next to the Method drop-down list. Provide a method name of “hourly_disclosed” and click “OK.” The dialog now looks like this:

Click “OK” in the managed bean window. You should see a new tab at the top of the editor for the empedit_bean.java file that was just created. The code looks like this:

import oracle.adf.view.faces.event.DisclosureEvent;

public class empedit_bean
 {
 public empedit_bean()
 {
 }

public void hourly_disclosed(DisclosureEvent disclosureEvent)
 {
 // Add event code here...
 }
 }

Let’s add some simple code to the disclosure listener so that we can see how it works. Change the hourly_disclosed method so that it looks like this:

public void hourly_disclosed(DisclosureEvent disclosureEvent)
{
if (disclosureEvent.isExpanded())
{
System.out.println(“The hourly type was selected”);
}
else
{
System.out.println(“The hourly type was not selected”);
}
}

Now, let’s create a disclosure listener for the Salary radio button. Just type this code into the editor:

public void salaried_disclosed(DisclosureEvent disclosureEvent)
{
if (disclosureEvent.isExpanded())
{
System.out.println(“The salaried type was selected”);
}
else
{
System.out.println(“The salaried type was not selected”);
}
}

Finally, go back to the empedit.jspx page and select the af:showDetailItem for Salaried. In the property inspector, click the elipsis-button next to the DisclosureListener property and pick the empedit_bean managed bean and salaried_disclosed method:

Now, when you run the application and click the Hourly and Salaried radio buttons, you should see a pair of messages in the log window for each click. This shows us that our code is running correctly. We now just have two steps remaining. The first is to make the value in the database field EMPTYPE determine which radio button is selected. This is really quite simple. If you go back to the empedit.jspx page and select the “Hourly” af:showDetailItem, you’ll notice a property in the property inspector called “Disclosed,” which is set to false. What we will do is to use an Expression Language (EL) expression to set the item to be disclosed if the value of the EMPTYPE field in the database is “H.” To do so, click the Disclosed property in the inspector. You should see the “Bind to data” button become available in the property inspector toolbar – it looks like this:

Click the Bind to data button; this displays JDeveloper’s EL editor. In the editor, expand the ADF Bindings folder, then the bindings container. You should see an attribute binding for “Emptype.” Finally, expand that binding and double-click on the InputValue property. The Expression builder should now look like this:

Complete the expression by typing so that it reads:

#{bindings.Emptype.inputValue == “H”}

Remember before when we set the default value of the field EMPTYPE to “H?” This is so we didn’t have to code for the special NULL case here, although it’s not too difficult. Now, repeat the same process for the Salaried af:showDetailItem, except the “disclosed” property should be:

#{bindings.Emptype.inputValue == “S”}

At this point, if you run your application and edit the two employees you created earlier (one hourly and one salaried), you should see the correct radio button selected and the correct field shown.

We now just have some cosmetic issues to clean up (we still have the EMPTYPE field on the screen) and one remaining problem: clicking the Hourly and Salaried radio buttons do not change the value of the EMPTYPE field – we haven’t written the code to make this happen yet. Let’s start by getting rid of the EMPTYPE field. If you just click on the EMPTYPE af:inputText and delete it, it will also delete the binding in the underlying page definition, which will make our page break, because we use that binding. Here’s a little trick that I use to avoid this behavior. Before you delete the af:inputText item, open the page definition for empedit.jspx by right-clicking in an empty area of the empedit.jspx page and choosing Go to Page Definition. Now, you can go back to the empedit.jspx page and delete the EMPTYPE field. Now, just switch back to the page definition and close it, answering “no” when prompted to save changes.

The last item remaining is to set the value of the EMPTYPE field as we click the radio buttons for Hourly and Salaried employees. This code will go into the disclosure listeners. Let’s code a simple utility method into our backing bean that will allow us to set the employee type, and we can call that utility method from the disclosure listeners. For good measure, let’s also NULL out the salary for hourly employees and null out the hourly rate for salaried employees. I provide the code here with no explanation; this is pretty straightforward JSF code at this point:

private void setEmpType(String type)
{
FacesContext ctx = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
Application app = ctx.getApplication();
ValueBinding bind = app.createValueBinding("#{bindings.Emptype.inputValue}");
bind.setValue(ctx, type);

if (“S”.equals(type))
{
bind = app.createValueBinding(“#{bindings.Hourlyrate.inputValue}”);
}
else
{
bind = app.createValueBinding(“#{bindings.Salary.inputValue}”);
}

bind.setValue(ctx, null);
}

Now, it’s simply a matter of fixing up the disclosure listeners to look like this:

public void hourly_disclosed(DisclosureEvent disclosureEvent)
{
if (disclosureEvent.isExpanded())
{
setEmpType(“H”);
}

}

public void salaried_disclosed(DisclosureEvent disclosureEvent)
{
if (disclosureEvent.isExpanded())
{
setEmpType(“S”);
}
}

There we are…. there are lots of little things that can be cleaned up and made more robust, but that’s the technique.

A recent post on the OTN JDeveloper Forum asks how to hide/show fields on an ADF Faces page depending upon the value of another attribute. I’ve concocted a simple example to show the technique I used in a recent project to accomplish this.

The business case in the example is quite simple: we want to create a page to allow us to create and edit employee information. There are two types of employees: salaried employees and hourly employees. Salaried employees earn a yearly salary regardless of how many long hours they work (sounds familiar), whereas hourly employees earn an hourly rate for each hour they work. Our database table looks like this:

create table my_emp
(empno number not null primary key,
emptype varchar2(1) not null,
salary number,
hourlyrate number);

On our employee edit screen, we want to show the salary field if the employee type is “S” (for salaried) and show the hourlyrate field if the employee type is “H”. In both cases, the field that does not apply to the particular employee should be hidden AND should be automatically set to null in the database. We’ll also create a typical list screen that lets us browse through the employees and select one to edit, and also to create new employees.

I will walk quickly through the preliminary steps, and slow down later on to show the details. This example should work with any of the point releases of JDeveloper 10g R3 (10.1.3.x).

To get started, use your favorite tool (SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, JDeveloper, etc) to create the table as shown above. Then, in JDeveloper, create a database connection to the database/account that owns the table you created. Finally, create a new application, selecting the “Web Application [JSF, ADF BC]” template in the directory of your choice:

In your newly created application, you should have two projects – “Model” and “ViewController.” The next step is to create some ADF Business Components for the my_emp table. In this example, we’ll just create some basic stuff (a single Entity Object, a default editable View Object, and a default Application Module). To do this, right-click the Model project and choose “New…” In the dialog that appears, choose “ADF Business Components” in the categories pane and “Business Components from Tables” in the items pane:

You’ll be prompted to initialize your project for business components. Pick the connection you created earlier (and the SQL flavor and type map if you are not using an Oracle database) and click “OK.” Now, you’ll quickly walk through the wizard to create the default business components. Click “Next” to dismiss the welcome screen, if it is shown. On the next screen, type “my_emp” in the name filter and press “Query” to display the table you created earlier; use the shuttle controls to add the MY_EMP table to the selected list:

Click “Next” to display the “Updatable View Objects” page of the wizard; use the shuttle controls to add the MyEmp Entity Object to the selected list:

From here on out, we will just be taking the defaults for the wizard, so you can click “Finish.” If you’d like to see the steps one-by-one, you can click “Next” on each page to see them. Once you are done, you will have a single Entity Object called “MyEmp,” an updatable View Object called “MyEmpView,” and an Application Module called “AppModule,” which has MyEmpView in its data model. You can see these objects by expanding the folders under the Model project in the Applications Navigator. To make things a bit easier down the road, let’s set a default for the employee type to “H” for hourly. To do this, double-click on the MyEmp entity object. In the dialog that appears, expand the Attributes tree on the left side and click the “EmpType” attribute. Now, in the right pane, enter “H” into the default value field and press “OK” when done:

That’s it for the data model; in real life, you’d of course give some nice attribute names, display hints, etc, etc, but I’ll leave that to you. The next step for this exercise is to create the JSF pages. We will first create a simple list-type page that lists the employees and allows us to select an employee to edit or to create a new employee. To do this, right-click the “ViewController” project and select “New…” In the dialog that appears, select “JSF” from the categories pane and JSF JSP from the items pane. Click “Next” to dismiss the welcome page, if it is shown; this will display the “JSP File” step of the wizard. Let’s call our page “emplist.jspx” Make sure the “JSP Document” radio button is selected for the document type:

Click “Next” to display the component binding page. As we do not need component bindings, click “Next” to display the tag libraries page. Ensure that you have the 4 libraries selected as shown here:

Now, you can click “Finish” to complete the wizard. While we are at it, follow the same steps to create an “empedit.jspx” page. Now, let’s finish the emplist page – it’s the simpler of the two. To create an ADF Faces table, go to the Data Control Palette window in JDeveloper. You should see a single data control called “AppModuleDataControl.” Expand the data control, and you’ll find your single view object, “MyEmpView1.” Ensure that you have the emplist.jspx page open in the visual editor and drag the “MyEmpView1” view object on to the emplist.jspx page. In the pop-up menu that appears, select the “Tables” menu and then the “ADF Read-only” table from the sub-menu. Ensure that you click the “Enable Selection” checkbox and click “OK.” You’ll now see the af:table added to your page. If you run the page now, you’ll see an empty table because there are no rows in the database.

Next, let’s add “Edit” and “New Employee” buttons to the page. First, get rid of the “Submit” button that JDeveloper created for you automatically by selecting it and hitting the Delete key. The “Edit” button that we are going to add must be inside of the af:tableSelectOne object that exists inside of the “selection” facet of the table. My preferred way to drag-and-drop components is to use the structure window in JDeveloper, because it gives me the most precision. So, expand the items in the structure window until you get to the af:tableSelectOne object (you can also click on the radio buttons in the “Select” column of the table to do this automatically):

Now, find the Control Palette window in JDeveloper. Select “ADF Faces Core” from the drop-down at the top of the palette and find the “CommandButton” component. Drag this component and drop it into the af:tableSelectOne on your page. If you’ve done it correctly, you’ll se an af:commandButton inside of the af:tableSelectOne in the structure window, and your page will look like this:

Use the Property Inspector window of JDeveloper to change the text of the button to “Edit.” Now, let’s add the “New Employee” button. Because the “New Employee” button does not require an employee to be selected first, it doesn’t belong in the selection facet of the table, but the “actions” facet. First, make sure that you can see the actions facet in JDeveloper’s structure window; secondly, in the Data Control Palette, expand the AppModuleDataControl, the EmpView1, and the Operations folder. Find the “Create” operation and drag it into the actions facet, using the structure window. In the pop-up window that appears when you release the mouse, select ADF Command Button. You can now use the property inspector to change the text of the command button to “New Employee.”

Now, without going into a long explanation of why (read the docs if you must), we need to change the binding on the “New Employee” button from the “Create” action to “CreateInsert.” To do this, right-click in a blank area of the emplist.jspx page and choose “Go To Page Definition.” Using the structure window, expand the bindings folder and double-click on the “Create” binding. In the window that appears, change the action from “Create” to “CreateInsert:”

Now, save and close the page binding. The final piece of work we need to do on this page is to set up some navigation cases so that we can navigate back and forth between the list and edit pages. I’m not going to walk through all of the steps here (a quick read of the docs should set you in the right direction). Create two navigation cases, one going from emplist.jspx to empedit.jspx called “edit” and one going from empedit.jspx to emplist.jspx called “returntolist.” Here’s what my faces-config.xml navigation diagram looked like after this step:

Wow – this is more steps than I thought…. continued in part deux.

In addition to all of the cool toys (robots and helicopters) shown at the Java Toy Show (general session of JavaOne 2007 on Friday morning), a NetBeans guy from Sun got up and did a demo of Netbeans 6.0 and JRuby on Rails (a scripting-languaged based web application framework). He created a Ruby on Rails application, created persistence classes from a database using a wizard, created a simple web page showing the database information, and ran it all from within the IDE. Judging by the audience reaction, people were impressed. My reaction, on the other hand, was, as we used to say as kids, “big whoop.” Haven’t we been doing this in JDeveloper for, I dunno, 8 years or something?