DBA Blogs

 Oracle 26ai 26.2 now introduces the WAIT (and NOWAIT) Clause for INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE / MERGE DMLs.  We have had a WAIT Clause for SELECT FOR UPDATE statements but not for these "simple" DML statements.

This is my Video Demo :  Wait Clause for DMLs in 26.2

Dear Tom, In our ERP, we are actively consuming both EBR & Supplemental Logging. EBR is for upgrades with a near zero downtime while Supplemental Logging is mainly for CDC, LogMiner & GoldenGate. But we encounter errors when ALTER TABLE statements are executed for normal tables in ONLINE mode while Supplemental Logging is enabled. The error we are getting is: <i>ORA-14416: Online DDL's cannot be used with certain types of tables.</i> Quick Test Steps: -- enable minimal supplemental logging (from CDB) <code> ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;</code> -- create first table and its constraints <code> CREATE TABLE ORDER_TABLE ( ID VARCHAR2(50), DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2(100), ORDER_DATE DATE, CUSTOMER_ID VARCHAR2(50), CF_ID VARCHAR2(50) ); ALTER TABLE ORDER_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_PK PRIMARY KEY (ID); ALTER TABLE ORDER_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_CFK UNIQUE (CF_ID) USING INDEX; </code> -- create second table and its constraints <code> CREATE TABLE ORDER_CF_TABLE ( CF_ID VARCHAR2(50), AUTH_ID VARCHAR2(100), AUTH_DATE DATE ); ALTER TABLE ORDER_CF_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_CF_PK PRIMARY KEY (CF_ID); ALTER TABLE ORDER_CF_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_CF_RK FOREIGN KEY (CF_ID) REFERENCES ORDER_TABLE (CF_ID) ON DELETE CASCADE; ALTER TABLE ORDER_CF_TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ORDER_CF_TABLE_CF_ID_NN CHECK ("CF_ID" IS NOT NULL); </code> Now try to execute below: <code>ALTER TABLE ORDER_CF_TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT ORDER_CF_RK KEEP INDEX ONLINE;</code> Error ORA-14416 is raised. Since both ONLINE mode for table DDLs & Supplemental Logging are key functionalities in Oracle database, what we believe is, it should be possible to use them at the same time. Could you please explain this behavior & any possible ways to achieve ONLINE DDLs on tables for upgrades while supplementary logging is enabled? Thanks & Kind Regards, Navinth

Hi Connor, Let me describe the situation. Our client is running a warehouse management system. There are two schemas wh1 and wh2. All the packages and procedures are created in schema wh1 with authid current user. Today I have faced the issue with the SKU master. Both the schemas have the SKU master, which should be ideally identical. When a particular procedure of a package is called from schema wh2 and was looking for an SKU which was present in schema wh2 but was missing from wh1 it flagged an error that the SKU is missing. When I created the SKU in schema wh1 it processed successfully. This is really puzzling. To best of my knowledge when the procedure is being called from schema wh2 it should access schema wh2 tables by default when we are not prefixing the table name with schema name. Am I missing something. Please share your view. Let me try with a sample code: tablename : sku schemas : wh1 and wh2 The said table is created in both the schemas. Lets sku 'SAMPLE1' is in schema wh2. But this sku does not exist in schema wh1. create or replace package wh1.sync_sku is authid current_user; begin upsert_sku(p_sku varchar2); end; create or replace package body wh1.sync_sku is begin procedure upsert_sku(p_sku varchar2) is declare v_found char(1) := 'N'; begin select 'Y' into v_found from sku where sku = p_sku; exception when no_data_found then raise_appliocation_error(-20001, 'SKU does not exist'); when others then raise; end; end; When the procedure upsert_sku is executed from schema wh2 with parameter 'SAMPLE1' its showing the error 'SKU does not exist' although the sku is exist in schema wh2. As soon as we insert the sku in schema wh1 the procedure executes successfully. The schema wh2 have all the required rights to execute the procedure of schema wh1.

Oracle has published following document for MySQL: https://blogs.oracle.com/mysql/why-your-application-should-not-use-one-mysql-user-for-everything. I have not found similar document for Oracle Database: I would like to know if Oracle has documented something similar for Oracle Database ? Thanks.

how to find which field raise the error 6502 or 1408?

hi I have created an interactive report I want to include heading e.g. Amountwise advances as on how can I do this Also I want to include heding while downloading as pdf please help

what is the difference between logging and nologging when creating an index

My question is if they add the column the table will be block during the coluum add because it's not enteprise but standard edition

A Mental Health Month note for those of us in tech: help anyway. Even when you're tired. Even when they can't help back.

The post Pour the Water: A Mental Health Month Note for Those of Us in Tech appeared first on DBASolved.

Migration and replication aren't the same thing - even when both run on Oracle GoldenGate. Here's how to choose right.

The post Migration vs. Replication: Two Different Jobs for Oracle GoldenGate appeared first on DBASolved.

 In a previous blog post I had demonstrated Domains for Columns and an Annotation for a table in 23ai.

Domains are "Data Use Case Domains" -- predefined Dictionary Objects that encapsulate properties and constraints for the data being stored in the target columns.

Here's the 26ai documentation on Data Use Case Domains : Data Use Case Domains

"An data use case domain is a high-level dictionary object that belongs to a schema and encapsulates a set of optional properties and constraints."

"...a column can be declared both with a primitive data type such as NUMBER, as well as with a domain for data usage, such as "Temperature" or "Credit Score". Such a use case domain can optionally be associated with different usage properties such as check constraints, display properties, ordering rules, and others."

There are 109 Pre-Built Domains (as in 23.26.0 Free).  

SQL> select owner, builtin, count(*) from all_domains group by owner, builtin order by 1,2;

OWNER	     BUILTIN	   COUNT(*)
------------ ----------- ----------
SYS	     TRUE		109

SQL> 

But you can add your own Custom Domains.  In this demonstration, I show two custom domains.  Although the SALARY_D domain could have been a simple CHECK Constraint on the EMPLOYEES_TBL, I could use this domain in, say, DEPARTMENTS (for MAX_SALARY) or SALES_COMMISSION or CONTRACTOR_REMUNERATION etc.

I build the SALARY_D just as a simple example domain.

Annotations are "Metadata" -- that define and identify the data.  Annotations are very good use cases for implementing AI where Natural Language queries from users are translated to SQL based on Annotations.

Here's the 26ai documentation on Annotations as a New Feature : Schema Annotations

"Oracle AI Database schema annotations are a lightweight declarative facility for developers to centrally register usage properties for database schema objects. Annotations are stored directly inside the database in dictionary tables alongside the data model definition and the data itself, and available to any applications in order to standardize behavior across common data, but are not interpreted by the database in any way. They should be thought of as lightweight standardized markup for database metadata, for use by applications to register and process extended and custom usage properties."

Here is one example of a table using Domains and Annotations :

SQL> @Domains_and_Annotations_Demo.sql
SQL> connect system/oracle
Connected.
SQL> grant create domain to hr
  2  /

Grant succeeded.

SQL> 
SQL> connect hr/oracle
Connected.
SQL> 
SQL> drop table employees_tbl
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL> 
SQL> create domain if not exists age_d as integer
  2  constraint age_min check (age_d >= 18)
  3  /

Domain created.

SQL> 
SQL> create domain if not exists salary_d as number
  2  constraint salary_max check (salary_d le 20000)  -- I have changed the "less-than-or-equal-to" sign to "le" to preserve HTML parsing
  3  /

Domain created.

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> create table employees_tbl
  2  (
  3  employee_id	  number generated by default on null as identity	annotations (PrimaryKey, Sequence),
  4  first_name	          varchar2(250) not null annotations (Display 'Employee First Name'),
  5  middle_name	  varchar2(250) annotations (Display 'Employee Middle Name [optional]'),
  6  last_name	          varchar2(250) not null annotations (Display 'Employee Last Name'),
  7  join_age	          integer domain age_d annotations (Display 'Age at Start of Employment'),
  8  employee_email_id    varchar2(512) domain email_d annotations (Sensitive),
  9  dept_id	          number not null annotations (Display 'Department ID'),
 10  citizen_country      varchar2(3) domain country_code_d annotations (Case 'UPPER', Display 'Citizenship Country ISO Code'),
 11  resident_country     varchar2(3) domain country_code_d annotations (Case 'UPPER', Display 'Residence Country ISO Code'),
 12  current_salary	  number domain salary_d annotations (Display 'Employee Current Salary'),
 13  salary_date	  date	not null annotations (Display 'Current Salary Begin Date')
 14  )
 15  annotations (display 'Employees Table')
 16  /

Table created.

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> describe employees_tbl
 Name									  Null?    Type
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------- -------------------------------------------------
 EMPLOYEE_ID								  NOT NULL NUMBER
 FIRST_NAME								  NOT NULL VARCHAR2(250)
 MIDDLE_NAME									   VARCHAR2(250)
 LAST_NAME								  NOT NULL VARCHAR2(250)
 JOIN_AGE									   NUMBER(38) HR.AGE_D
 EMPLOYEE_EMAIL_ID								   VARCHAR2(512) SYS.EMAIL_D
 DEPT_ID								  NOT NULL NUMBER
 CITIZEN_COUNTRY								   VARCHAR2(3) SYS.COUNTRY_CODE_D
 RESIDENT_COUNTRY								   VARCHAR2(3) SYS.COUNTRY_CODE_D
 CURRENT_SALARY 								   NUMBER HR.SALARY_D
 SALARY_DATE								  NOT NULL DATE

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> set pagesize 600
SQL> set linesize 132
SQL> set long 2000
SQL> set longchunksize 1000
SQL> set serveroutput on
SQL> select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','EMPLOYEES_TBL')
  2  
SQL> 
SQL> col columm_name format a21
SQL> col annotation_name format a21
SQL> col domain_name format a21
SQL> col annotation_value format a31
SQL> 
SQL> select column_name, domain_name, annotation_name, annotation_value
  2  from user_annotations_usage
  3  where object_name = 'EMPLOYEES_TBL'
  4  and object_type = 'TABLE'
  5  order by column_name, annotation_name
  6  /

COLUMN_NAME		       DOMAIN_NAME	     ANNOTATION_NAME	   ANNOTATION_VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------- --------------------- -------------------------------
CITIZEN_COUNTRY 	       COUNTRY_CODE_D	     ADDRESS
CITIZEN_COUNTRY 				     CASE		   UPPER
CITIZEN_COUNTRY 				     DISPLAY		   Citizenship Country ISO Code
CURRENT_SALARY					     DISPLAY		   Employee Current Salary
DEPT_ID 					     DISPLAY		   Department ID
EMPLOYEE_EMAIL_ID	       EMAIL_D		     PERSON_INFO
EMPLOYEE_EMAIL_ID				     SENSITIVE
EMPLOYEE_ID					     PRIMARYKEY
EMPLOYEE_ID					     SEQUENCE
FIRST_NAME					     DISPLAY		   Employee First Name
JOIN_AGE					     DISPLAY		   Age at Start of Employment
LAST_NAME					     DISPLAY		   Employee Last Name
MIDDLE_NAME					     DISPLAY		   Employee Middle Name [optional]
RESIDENT_COUNTRY	       COUNTRY_CODE_D	     ADDRESS
RESIDENT_COUNTRY				     CASE		   UPPER
RESIDENT_COUNTRY				     DISPLAY		   Residence Country ISO Code
SALARY_DATE					     DISPLAY		   Current Salary Begin Date
						     DISPLAY		   Employees Table

18 rows selected.

SQL> 
SQL> -- the output above does NOT show the Custom Domains, only the preseeded COUNTRY_CODE_D and EMAIL_D
SQL> col domain_name format a21
SQL> 
SQL> select name as domain_name, builtin, type
  2  from user_domains
  3  order by name
  4  /

DOMAIN_NAME	      BUILTIN	  TYPE
--------------------- ----------- ----------
AGE_D		      FALSE	  REGULAR
SALARY_D	      FALSE	  REGULAR

SQL> 
SQL> 
SQL> 

So, I have now created the Table using Domains and Annotations.

SQL> -- test the AGE_D domain for Join Age
insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',17,'abc@co.com',10,'US','US',8000,sysdate)
/
SQL>   2    3    4    5  insert into employees_tbl
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-11534: check constraint (HR.SYS_C0013676) involving column JOIN_AGE due to domain constraint HR.AGE_MIN of domain HR.AGE_D
violated
Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-11534/


SQL> 

SQL> insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@co.com',10,'US','US',8000,sysdate)
/
  2    3    4    5  
1 row created.

SQL> 


-- test the SALARY domain for Salary
SQL> insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@co.com',10,'US','US',32000,sysdate)
/
  2    3    4    5  insert into employees_tbl
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-11534: check constraint (HR.SYS_C0013674) involving column CURRENT_SALARY due to domain constraint HR.SALARY_MAX of domain
HR.SALARY_D violated
Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-11534/


SQL> 

SQL> insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@co.com',10,'US','US',19000,sysdate)
/  2    3    4    5  

1 row created.

SQL> 

-- test the EMAIL_D domain for Email Address
insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@xyz',10,'US','US',32000,sysdate)
/
SQL>   2    3    4    5  insert into employees_tbl
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-11534: check constraint (HR.SYS_C0013675) involving column EMPLOYEE_EMAIL_ID due to domain constraint SYS.SYS_DOMAIN_C0030 of
domain SYS.EMAIL_D violated
Help: https://docs.oracle.com/error-help/db/ora-11534/


SQL> 

SQL> insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@co.com',10,'US','US',19000,sysdate)
/
  2    3    4    5  
1 row created.

SQL> 


SQL> -- test the COUNTRY_CODE_D
insert into employees_tbl
(first_name, last_name,join_age,employee_email_id,dept_id,citizen_country,resident_country,current_salary,salary_date)
values
('ABC','XYZ',21,'abc@co.com',10,'XYZ','US',19000,sysdate)
/
SQL>   2    3    4    5  
1 row created.

SQL> 
-- Note that the country_code_d does not seem tocheck validity against real ISO codes in my current 23.26.0 FREE release.  It seems to check only that a string of characters is entered as a COUNTRY_CODE

So, the Domain Rules for AGE_D (custom domain defined by me), SALARY_D (custom domain defined by me) and EMAIL_D (system domain preseeded in the database) are all working as expected.

We are planning to migrate our database from on-premises infrastructure to ODA. The source platform is Solaris sparc, and the target platform is x86. We intend to use the M5 Cross-Endian Platform Migration approach. However, we have a question regarding whether APEX and ORDS will be migrated as part of this process. On the source system, APEX and ORDS are installed in dedicated tablespaces rather than in SYSTEM or SYSAUX. We would like to verify whether this M5 migration is fully compatible for APEX,ORDS and whether any issues are expected. Both Source and target DB's are in 19.25 , APEX IS 22.1

Is there a way to create a On-premise MCP for oracle database without using OCI as a gateway? I want to deploy a real server (vm/container etc) rather than running a local instance of SQLCL on a user desktop that way we are able to configure the agent framework code (multiple chat bots) to talk to the database.

I conducted an experiment with the recyclebin parameter. First, I set recyclebin = OFF to observe the behavior of a regular DROP TABLE. As I understand the architecture: there is a tablespace and a segment, for example T1.Information about this segment is stored in the data dictionary.The tablespace also uses a space management mechanism (Segment Space Management AUTO), which tracks free blocks. Therefore, when I drop a table with recyclebin = OFF,the entry about the segment is removed from the data dictionary,and all blocks of the segment are marked as free and can be reused by other objects.I performed this experiment and indeed observed exactly this behavior. Next, I enabled the parameter recyclebin = ON. In this case, the information about the table is not fully removed.The table is marked as inaccessible and renamed,after which it appears in the RECYCLEBIN view. At the same time, the segment continues to exist. Then I read the following statement in the documentation: <i>Unless you specify the PURGE clause, the DROP TABLE statement does not result in space being released back to the tablespace for use by other objects, and the space continues to count toward the user's space quota. </i> However, in my experiment I observe the following behavior. Suppose initially the tablespace had: 500 MB free space I created a table and filled it with data totaling:200 MB As a result: free space = 300 MB user quota used = 200 MB out of 500 MB After that, I executed a regular: DROP TABLE table_name; And I observed that: 200 MB returned to free space // free space became 500 MB again At the same time: the object still exists in the RECYCLEBIN the segment size is approximately 200 MB the user's quota still shows 200 MB used I expected the free space to remain unchanged: 300 MB because the documentation states that the space is not released for use by other objects. Question: Where is the flaw in my understanding of the logic? Why does the free space in the tablespace increase even though the segment remains in the RECYCLEBIN and the user's quota is still consumed?

Hi Tom, I have created a TYPE as: Create or replace type NUM_ARRAY as table of varchar2(1000); Then I have a procedure which accepts an ARRAY of sql statements and executes one at a time. Now this take a lot of time to process a batch of sql statement. I was wondering if I can use the forall to execute them in a bulk as these are all insert/update/delete statements; Here is the Procedure: CREATE OR REPLACE procedure give_me_an_array( p_array in num_array ) as begin for i in 1 .. p_array.count loop BEGIN execute immediate p_array(i); EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN NULL; END; --dbms_output.put_line( p_array(i) ); end loop; commit; end; We are using Java as the Front-End. Your input will be highly appricated as I am competing against SQLServer which is doing this extremly fast without using any ARRAYS. I am in the process of migrating from SQLServer to Oracle and the condition is if Oracle runs faster than SQLServer. Thanks Nirmal

Hello, If we are using Oracle SE2 there is no Tuning Pack or Diagnostic Pack available. So I don't think it's possible to create a SQL profile with SQL Tuning Advisor. would it be possible with SQLTXPLAIN coe_xfr_sql_profile.sql script ? I know it's possible to create a SQL plan baseline from cursor cache but what if the good plan is not in the cursor cache ? Thanks.

Hello, I have an Oracle Advanced Queuing queue and would like to be able to process this queue from inside of the database, as opposed to using an external app server. However, I am concerned about the scalability of internal solutions. Please assume the following: 1. The queue receives an arbitrary number of messages. 2. Each message results in a PLSQL procedure being called, which can take an arbitrary amount of time. 3. You want to limit the number of messages that can be processed at once to some value N. --- Solution #1: Run N permanent DBMS_SCHEDULER jobs that loop and call DBMS_AQ.DEQUEUE with WAIT_FOREVER. This is good because you can easily cap how many jobs you want to have processing this queue by adjusting the N number of permanent DBMS_SCHEDULER jobs. This is bad because all of these permanent jobs will reduce the available JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES. It is fine if you only need a handful of jobs to process your queue, but as you scale the number of jobs up, eventually you will degrade the other unrelated jobs that need to run in the system. Does calling DBMS_LOCK.SLEEP or DBMS_AQ.DEQUEUE inside a DBMS_SCHEDULER job free up a JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES slot while the job is sleeping? My guess is no. --- Solution #2: Use a PL/SQL callback, and in the callback, create a one-time DBMS_SCHEDULER job per message, and use a common resource constraint, such that only N scheduler jobs can run at once. For example, if you set a cap of 128 jobs in your resource constraint, and you receive 1000 messages, the PL/SQL callback will create 1000 jobs, but only 128 jobs will be running at once, and the rest will be blocked. The downside here is that you have to create a whole dbms_scheduler job to process a message. This will increase the time between receiving a message and starting to process it, and just seems like an overall heavy solution. Lightweight jobs won't help because the resource constraints don't work for lightweight jobs. In fact, you might as well not use AQ at all if you go down this route. Instead of writing messages to a queue, which later calls DBMS_SCEDHULER.CREATE_JOB, you could simply call DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB directly with a resource constraint. --- Solution #3: Use an external app server. Run N threads, where each thread grabs a connection from a connection pool, loops and calls DBMS_AQ.DEQUEUE with WAIT_FOREVER. This is the best approach because you can set N to cap the number of connections processing messages in parallel easily, and you do not have to block up and slots in JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES. However, this has downsides. Your app server often has much more downtime than your database due to releases, network partitions, and many other various issues. If your session which is executing a long running PL/SQL procedure is terminated, you cannot assume whether the PL/SQL procedure on the server will complete or be stopped. While this is also true for DBMS_SCHEDULER Jobs that end up getting kil...

We have PL/SQL stored procedures that perform poorly, Using DBA_HIST or any other AWR / ASH metrics, is it possible to determine the runtimes of PL/SQL Procedures ?

Recently we observed that cached sequence values were lost significantly, appearing as large gaps in persisted values. Our system does not expect gapless sequence values, however we are trying to understand root cause. gv$rowcache shows high getmisses in histogram, objects, segments, followed by sequences. SGA dump shows many grows in shared pool and shrinks in buffer cache, and gv$db_object_cache shows high loads. We did a trend of sequence value jump or loss from cache based on gaps found in persisted values across time. I will list the events that may be contributory to the gap. Please let me know if this is a incorrect hypothesis. 1. Onset of moderately large large sequence jumps aligns with migration to multitenant database 2. Prior to multitenant migration, we never had histogram collection as part of stats, it appears a DBA has run stats with histogram collection turned on at the time of multitenant migration, sequence gaps are silently occuring 3. Few months after multitenant migration, a tablespace rebuild activity followed by stats collection was done. This time the standard stats collection script was run and removed stats from many tables, but not few core tables that are extensively used in the application. So never before seen histogram traffic is still continuing to dictionary cache. 4. After multitenant migration, another effort started where many tables started to get partitioned. There were 2 large on-time efforts that created several thousands of partitions, followed by regular scheduled jobs creating few hundreds of partitions for historical data management 5. The sequence jump (and loss from cache) seems to continue for many months, un-noticed as the application is not affected by gaps. 6. Some of the regular scheduled batch jobs were missed, so there was a large gap where tables were not monthly partitioned properly as expected. At discovery a one-time catchup activity was performed where around 800 partitions were created. 7. The sequence jump phenomenon exploded uncontrollably and was discovered by a partner system. We pinned the sequence in memory to calm it down. Here is my draft hypothesis for a root cause, please correct if it does not hold: a) Multitenant migration increased traffic to dictionary cache, sequence metadata is evicted and reload constantly, so values have jumps/gaps b) As many partitions are created, more traffic is arriving to dictionary cache and pressure increases, sequence jumps occur silently meanwhile. c) Cumulative traffic to dictionary cache is increasing every month as 100s of partitions are added by monthly job and pressure is getting intolerable, sequence evictions are on rise c) One-time gap-covering exercise for missed partition creation pushed the traffic over a threshold, sequence jump skyrocketed and now visible in the application as a very large gap. Does these dots connect as a root cause ?

Hello Chris/Connor, Hope you are doing well. We are using ExaC@C with 19c databases at work and are exploring whether we can use PDB Snapshot Carousel and/or PDB Snapshot Copy feature. It might be just me but I am somewhat confused with the "art of possible" while using ASM. PDB Snapshot Copy Process (Doc ID 2730771.1) appears to suggest that we can use sparse disk group feature on exadata to either create PDB snapshot copy or PDB Snapshot Carousel However, ORA-65227 during pluggable database snapshot (Doc ID 3024542.1) appears to suggest that the feature is simply not supported in 19c and only available from 21c onwards. https://www.dbarj.com.br/en/2021/09/creating-a-snapshot-sparse-clone-from-a-different-release-update/ appears to even provide an example of how PDB Snapshot Copy can be used to patch a 19c database. So are we able to use PDB Snapshot Carousel with ASM Sparse Disk Group in ExaC@C by using Sparse Disk Group feature of ASM only (and not using any file system)? I am confused... Thanks in advance, Narendra