ODBC FAQ

Oracle ODBC connectivity FAQ:

What is ODBC and where does it come from?

ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) provides a way for client programs (eg Visual Basic, Excel, Access, Q+E etc) to access a wide range of databases or data sources.

ODBC is a standardized API, developed according to the specifications of the SQL Access Group, that allows one to connect to SQL databases. It defines a set of function calls, error codes and data types that can be used to develop database independent applications.

ODBC is usually used when database independence or simultaneous access to different data sources is required.

What is the difference between ODBC and Net8?

ODBC is an industry standard way to connect to SQL databases like Oracle, SQL Server and DB2. Net8 or SQL*Net is an Oracle proprietary standard connection protocol that only works with Oracle databases. The fact that it is proprietary usually means that it is slightly faster, better integrated with Oracle and more feature rich.

Most ODBC to Oracle implementations require the ODBC software stack to run on top of the Oracle Net8 software stack.

Are there alternative products that can be used?

Yes, look at Oracle Objects for OLE, JDBC and Net8.

What do I need to get ODBC to work?

You typically need the following:

• A workstation with TCP/IP connectivity
• An Oracle ODBC driver
• Oracle's SQL*Net or Instant Client software

How can I install and configure ODBC driver?

Go to 'Using ODBC driver' chapter in this ODBC driver configuration guide and follow the steps described there.

Where can one get ODBC drivers for Oracle and Rdb?

Oracle's ODBC drivers can be downloaded free of charge from Oracle Technet.

If you are still using Oracle V6, you can use the ODBC driver that comes with Microsoft Access 1.1 or an equivalent driver from whatever source.

Since ODBC is a standard, there are alternative drivers available via other vendors.

The following vendors provide ODBC drivers that can run from Windows and Unix:

• Easysoft Limited
• InterBase Software Corp.
• OpenLink Software
• Progress DataDirect Oracle ODBC Driver (Formerly Part of Merant
• SimbaEngine
• Devart Oracle ODBC Driver

Note: If you plan to use a 16-bit application with ODBC (even if it is running on Windows95 or Windows NT), you will need to use a 16-bit Windows 3.1 ODBC driver.

Do I need SQL*Net to connect to Oracle via ODBC?

For Oracle's ODBC drivers, YES.

Some multi-tier ODBC drivers (eg. Openlink and Visionware) do not require SQL*Net on the client as one has to install an 'ODBC server component' on the server. The ODBC drivers then use the underlying network protocol (eg. TCP/IP) without using SQL*Net.

How do I create a Data Source?

A data source is a logical name for a data repository or database. To define a data source, open the ODBC manager by double clicking on the ODBC icon in the Control Panel. Select the "add" button, then select the ODBC Driver for the database you want to connect to. The data source definition screen will appear. Define the data source name and other information as it pertains to your configuration.

What ODBC Conformance Level is supported by Oracle?

ODBC provides 4 conformance levels depending upon how much of the ODBC specification is implemented in the driver. The levels are:

• CORE API
• LEVEL 1
• LEVEL 2
• LEVEL 3 - latest spec.

The Oracle7 ODBC driver supports ODBC Version 2.5 and 3.0 Level 2 only.

Oracle does not support Level 3 ODBC, but Level 1 is all that is necessary to do standard operations. If you develop applications that will run on different databases, you might want to limit yourself to level 1 ODBC calls.

Should I give ODBC to my end-users?

It all depends... for performance reasons I would not allow end-users to access an OLTP (On-line Transaction Processing) system via ODBC. Rather, setup a Data Warehouse or Data Mart and let users enter their "queries from hell" against that database.

How secure is ODBC?

Any ODBC sniffer will be able to trace everything from an ODBC perspective. This includes data, usernames, passwords etc. However, if you are using an ODBC driver that provides encryption, you can increase your level of security.

Since any front-end tool can effectively connect to and modify your databases, you need to enforce security at the server level.

On the other hand, if you use TCP/IP, ODBC security should be the least of your concerns!

How fast is ODBC?

According to Oracle, their ODBC driver, on average, runs about 3% slower than native Oracle access. My experience, however, is that ODBC can be extremely slow!!! the performance depends very much on the query application that you use on the client side. Much of the query tools supply more options than plain SQL. to perform these queries first all data is transported over the network to your client. This you should avoid. When you create queries that fit within regular SQL the query is processed on the server and only the result is transported over the network. This is very fast. But you have to always be aware of the kind of SQL that is made by your front end tool.

Note: ODBC is a programming interface, not an implementation. Performance depends on the implementation of the interface. There are several types of ODBC drivers for Oracle. Here's a white paper with benchmarks comparing OCI and ODBC performance: http://www.datadirect.com/docs/public/whitepapers/wp-odbcvsoci.pdf

How can I test if ODBC is setup correctly?

Execute the ODBCTST.EXE program that comes with your ODBC driver to ensure that all your connections are properly configured and that you can connect to your data source.

How can I trace ODBC calls?

The Microsoft ODBC Administrator (My Computer/ Control Panel/ ODBC) provides a simple ODBC call trace that logs ODBC calls to a file. To use this facility, click the Options button on the initial Data Sources form. Check the box labeled "Trace ODBC Calls" and change the default log filename (SQL.LOG) if desired. The underlying ODBC calls the front-end application makes to communicate with the ODBC Driver will be logged to this file.

Specialized ODBC trace programs, such as Microsoft's ODBC Spy (included in the ODBC SDK 2.0), ODBC Inspector and ODBC Agent can be used to capture detailed ODBC call information and the return code for each call.

How do I tell which driver version I have installed?

Run the ODBC administrator from the desktop (ODBCADM.EXE or ODBCAD32.EXE):

• Click the "Drivers" button
• Choose the desired ODBC driver
• Click the "About" button

Version information will be displayed for the selected driver.

What is SQLPASSTHROUGH?

Use the ODBC SQLPASSTHROUGH option when you need to pass your SQL statement to the ODBC data source directly. No massaging or local processing is done on the statement, it is passed to the database server AS IS. This improves performance, but the resulting dynaset is not updatable. Example:

db.ExecuteSQL("BEGIN procedurename(param1,param2,param3); END;", SQLPASSTHROUGH)

How does one attach an Oracle table in MS-Access?

Create a linked table under the table tab in Access. Right click; select link table. A dialog box opens, at the bottom, change the "files of type" box to ODBC Databases. This will open the Data Source dialog box. Select your data source, file or machine (note the type you created earlier). You will now be prompted to login to the Oracle database.

One can also link a table programmatically. Open a new MODULE in Access, add this code to it and RUN (F5):

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit

Function AttachTable() As Variant
  On Error GoTo AttachTable_Err

  Dim db As Database
  Dim tdef As TableDef
  Dim strConnect As String

  Set db = CurrentDb()
  strConnect = "ODBC;DSN=oraweb;DBQ=qit-uq-cbiw_oraweb;DATABASE="
  ' NOTE: DSN is your ODBC Data Source Name; DBQ is your TNSNAMES.ORA entry name

  Set tdef = db.CreateTableDef("MY_ACCESS_TABLENAME")
  ' tdef.Attributes DB_ATTACHEDODBC
  tdef.Connect = strConnect
  tdef.SourceTableName = "MY_ORACLE_TABLENAME"
  db.TableDefs.Append tdef
	
AttachTable_Exit:
  Exit Function
	
AttachTable_Err:
  MsgBox "Error: " & Str(Err) & " - " & Error$ & " occured in global module."
  Resume AttachTable_Exit

End Function

How does one get Oracle data into MS-Excel?

There are several ways to extract data from Oracle and load it into Microsoft Excel. Here are some:

SQL*Plus

The easiest method is to spool the data from sqlplus to a CSV formatted file and open it in MS-Excel. Here is an example:

set echo off pagesize 0 head off feed off veri off trimspool on
spool data.csv
select COL1 || ',' || COL2 || ',' || COL3 ....
spool off

The resulting spool file (data.csv in our exampel) can now be copied to a Windows machine and opened in Excel.

OO4O

Oracle Objects for OLE (OO4O) can be used to load data into Excel. For more details, see the OO4O FAQ.

3rd Party Tools

• SQL*XL Lite - a freeware plug-in used to run SQL statements directly from Excel. SQL*XL (formerly Oraxcel) requires OO4O to be installed on your PC.
• Fastreader - from wisdomforce
• FlexTracer - 3rd party ODBC tracer
• IRI FACT (Fast Extract) - from IRI, The CoSort Company, which uses OCI and parallelism to produce CSV files

Excel will also directly read HTML-formatted tables, which can easily be generated from sqlplus. For example, consider the following SQL script:

C:\>type htmlobjects.sql
set pages 0 lin 32767 feedback off verify off heading off trims on
alter session set nls_date_format = "RRRR/MM/DD HH24:MI";
select '<table>' from dual;
select '<tr><td>' ||
        object_name ||
       '</td><td>' ||
       object_type ||
       '</td><td>' ||
       created ||
       '</td></tr>'
from all_objects
where rownum < 10;
select '</table>' from dual;

Running this script from sqlplus gives you a table:

SQL> spool objects.html
SQL> start htmlobjects
<table>
<tr><td>I_ICOL1</td><td>INDEX</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>_NEXT_OBJECT</td><td>NEXT OBJECT</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>CDEF$</td><td>TABLE</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>TAB$</td><td>TABLE</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>IND$</td><td>TABLE</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>C_FILE#_BLOCK#</td><td>CLUSTER</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>CLU$</td><td>TABLE</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>I_COBJ#</td><td>INDEX</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
<tr><td>I_USER#</td><td>INDEX</td><td>1996/05/10 10:25</td></tr>
</table>
SQL> quit

Right-click on the resulting objects.html file, open it with Excel, and it is presented as a table with properly-formatted dates.

Excel can also open a URL directly in the file-open dialog, so any number of web-based scripting languages can be used with this technique.

Where can one get more info about ODBC in general?

• Info about Oracle and many more ODBC drivers (SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, MySQL)
• The Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) Standard
• The ODBC FAQ
• Databases and the role of ODBC - with some MS Visual C++ examples
• Information about all the latest ODBC Drivers (Oracle, SQL Server, Hadoop Hive, MongoDB, Salesforce, IBM DB2)
• ODBC FAQs