alter table a modity id null;

SQL> insert into a select level, 'a', sysdate from dual connect by level <100000;

99999 rows created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>user, tabname=>'A',cascade=>true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> 
SQL> set autot traceonly
SQL> delete a where rowid='AAAXXDFFESDFA';
delete a where rowid='AAAXXDFFESDFA'
                     *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01410: invalid ROWID

SQL> set autotrace off
SQL> select rowid from a where rownum=1;
ROWID
------------------
AAAWJDAAEAAACyrACZ

1 row selected.

SQL> set autot traceonly
SQL> delete a where rowid='AAAWJDAAEAAACyrACZ';

1 row deleted.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1898483634

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | DELETE STATEMENT            |      |     1 |    14 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  DELETE                     | A    |       |       |            |          |
|   2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY USER ROWID| A    |     1 |    14 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

orcl> create table a ( id number(5) not null,name varchar(35),create_time date);

Table created.

orcl> create index idx_a_id on a(id);

Index created.

orcl> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname=>'SCOTT',tabname=>'A',cascade=>true)

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

orcl> set autot traceonly exp
orcl> delete a where rowid='AAAXXDFFESDFA';

0 rows deleted.


Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1898483634

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                   | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | DELETE STATEMENT            |      |     1 |    25 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   1 |  DELETE                     | A    |       |       |            |          |
|*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS BY USER ROWID| A    |     1 |    25 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access(CHARTOROWID('AAAXXDFFESDFA'))

Note
-----
   - automatic DOP: skipped because of IO calibrate statistics are missing

orcl>