What is the difference between Vector and Raster data?

There are two main models for storing and representing spatial data in a
Geographic Information System (GIS): the raster the vector models:

RASTER DATA - raster (or grid cell type) data can be used for
analyzing, overlaying, and modeling areal features such as soil types
or forested areas. Raster data are generally typically scanned in from
maps.

VECTOR DATA - vector data can be used to represent linear features
such as roads, streams or area edges and can be combined with raster
data for display purposes or for analysis.

In general, Raster maps are faster, Vector maps are more spesific and more
accurate.